Hero And AntiHero In Casablanca Essay Research free essay sample

Legend And Anti-Hero In Casablanca Essay, Research Paper The Hero and Anti-Hero in Casablanca Casablanca is an extremely well known great where the crowd is illuminated with a vivid mix of characters. The two remarkable characters in the film, Rick Blane and Victor Lazlo, have an alone capacity since they depict the wannabe and legend. These two character characteristics are basic since they separate the two boss characters in the film. In any case, despite the fact that the screw-up, Rick Blane, and legend, Victor Lazlo, have extremely unique character, at the similar degree the main contrast is that the screw-up is driven by energy and the saint is driven by ground. This extraordinary contrast is clear in their political convictions, their associations with Ilsa, and in the chief # 8217 ; s representation of their inside sentiments. Rick Blane and Victor Lazlo are people with extremely solid political convictions. Despite the fact that the two characters exhibit that they have an association in political relations, they have diverse drive powers inside them that passing on forward their inclusions. We will compose a custom article test on Legend And AntiHero In Casablanca Essay Research or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In Rick # 8217 ; s occasion, he displays an association in political relations that is revolved around his affections for the grown-up female he cherishes. For representation, when Rick was along with Ilsa in Paris he was extremely eager with his political convictions. He was envisioning restriction and opportunity for the Gallic individuals. After lamentably losing the adoration for his life, Rick stopped to demo any political commitment or any solid political convictions and started to stress just over his ain prosperity. On the different manus, Victor Lazlo is the sort of character that is engaged with political relations for the love of political relations. He is non reliant on the affection for a grown-up female to invigorate him the he should have been effectively associated with politically partitioned condition of affairss. A delineation of his adoration for political relations was when Victor started singing the # 8220 ; Marseilles # 8221 ; in the nine to overmaster the Nazi song of devotion. The general inclination given by the director, using impossible to miss array, hair way and assemble, sends the message to the crowd that Victor is a politically arranged individual and Rick is a person that would most likely be associated with political relations to amuse others. Another aspect of Rick and Victor that shows their wannabe and legend highlights is their relationship with Ilsa. Each has an alternate kind of adoration for Ilsa. In Rick # 8217 ; s example, he adores Ilsa enthusiastically and treats her like an equivalent. They on Ces were truly close and thought about one another. Their adoration is extremely obvious in all the scenes that were focusing on their relationship. One representation was the point at which they were in Paris together at the eating house. In Victor’s case, he adores Ilsa with an aware nature. His affection for her is non truly personal however takes after the adoration that would be between two dear companions. Victor needs Ilsa more for her guide towards his political causes. This is clear on the grounds that all through the full film the crowd neer truly observes a comrade or love filled scene among Victor and Ilsa. Additionally, we should non ignore Ilsa’s affections for Rick and Victor. Ilsa rewarded Rick like an equivalent love with whom she could partition her emotions. She saw Victor progressively like a graven picture to turn upward to and think about. The crowd other than gets a feeling of Rick and Victor # 8217 ; s screw-up and legend highlights by the chief # 8217 ; s representation of their inside lives. We are transparently welcomed into Rick # 8217 ; s inside life, while we discover tiny about Victor # 8217 ; s. There are a few scenes in Casablanca where the crowd sees Rick soaking up in obscurity. During these scenes Rick communicates a bunch of his sentiments emblematically, or verbally when Sam is about. With Victor it is about the antonym on the grounds that the crowd neer sees Victor altogether or demonstrating any of his inside sentiments. Truth be told, we discover tiny about what he truly feels inside however are made acceptable insightful of his political sentiments. At the end of the day, the director depicts Victor as a shallow character with extraordinary political thought process. Besides, we can isolate the chief # 8217 ; s likeness of their inside sentiments when each character is connecting with Ilsa. At the p oint when Rick is interfacing with Ilsa the crowd is presented to a group of natural structure semantic correspondence, sensational duologue, and sentimental or deplorable music out of sight. At the point when Victor is associating with Ilsa we regularly witness an intelligent discussion with little or no feeling radiating from Victor. Subsequent to examining the chief # 8217 ; s picture of political positions, connections, and inside sentiments of Rick and Victor we can pull the choice that Rick Blane, the wannabe, was driven by energy and Victor Lazlo, the saint, was driven by ground. This was one of the cardinal factors that added to the overwhelming accomplishment of this film. It was the on-going adventure of looking to nail that truly distinction between the two work powers that made watching Casablanca an intriguing encounter.

Selbstüberschreitung: Jonas Cohns Wertphilosophie und Pädagogik vor dem Hintergrund der Ethik Friedrich Nietzsches :: German Essays

Selbstã ¼berschreitung: Jonas Cohns Wertphilosophie und Pã ¤dagogik vor dem Hintergrund der Ethik Friedrich Nietzsches Dynamic: Teaching theory and instructional method at the University of Freiburg from 1897 to 1933, Jonas Cohn battled essentially against Friedrich Nietzsche and the impact of the morals of Nietzsche on the young people of his time. An affirmation made by Cohn in the Preface of his Science of Value (1932) shows this: The title 'study of significant worth' signifies polemics, as well: I battle against all, who following Nietzsche preclude the chance from securing a study of significant worth. But this restriction to Nietzsche and to his adherents isn't the main part of Cohn's connection to Nietzsche. On the opposite side, Cohn endeavored to incorporate a portion of the significant characteristics of Nietzsche's ethic in his own origination of theory and pedagogics. The articulation self-greatness (Selbstã ¼berschreitung) represents this aspiration of Cohn. This can be shown by some personal information and by the translation of Cohn's way of thinking of significant worth. 'Wertwissenschaft' ist auch polemisch gemeint: Ich kã ¤mpfe gegen alle, bite the dust im Gefolge Nietzsches eine Wissenschaft vom Werte leugnen. - Diese eindeutige Erklã ¤rung stellte der reife Jonas Cohn, Philosoph und Erziehungswissenschaftler a der Universitã ¤t Freiburg von 1897 bis 1933, seiner Wertwissenschaft von 1932, seinem Hauptwerke, im Vorwort voran. Cap Jonas Cohn seine Lebensarbeit gegen Friedrich Nietzsche und dessen Wirkung ausgerichtet? Ich mã ¶chte diese, von Cohn selbst nahegelegte, Auffassung relativieren und aufweisen, daãÿ Cohns Wertphilosophie und Erziehungslehre trotz weitreichender Differenzen Zã ¼ge Nietzschischen Geistes aufgenommen cap. Der Titel und Grundbegriff der Cohnschen Ethik Selbstã ¼berschreitung signalisiert nicht nur Parallelitã ¤t und Nã ¤he zu Nietzsche; Selbstã ¼berschreitung zeigt auch a, daãÿ Cohn Intentionen Nietzsches, Momente des fã ¼r Nietzsche signifikanten Begriffs der Selbstã ¼berwindung in seine objektive Wertlehre à ¼bergefã ¼hrt cap. Ich werde zunã ¤chst anhand einiger biographischer Daten pass on Bedeutung Nietzsches fã ¼r Cohn wahrscheinlich machen, bevor der Inhalt der Wertphilosophie und Ethik Cohns selbst kurz zur Sprache kommen soll. Drei Momente sind auszufã ¼hren, bite the dust Cohn in seiner Biographie mit Nietzsche konfrontierten: Zeitliche und à ¶rtliche Nã ¤he zu Nietzsche und pass on persã ¶nliche Begegnung mit Denkern, kick the bucket Cohn beeinfluãÿten. Jonas Cohn (1869-1947) studierte nach einem glã ¤nzenden Abitur in Berlin (1888) zunã ¤chst in Leipzig, Heidelberg und Berlin Naturwissenschaft und promovierte mit einer experimentellen Arbeit in Botanik in Berlin 1892 zum Doktor der Philosophie. Nach der Promotion in Botanik wandte sich Cohn dem engeren Gebieten der Philosophie zu, ohne dabei zu unterlassen, seinem geistigen Leben durch empirische Einzelarbeit gleichsam einen festen Unterbau zu schaffen. (SD, (1) S. 6) Diesen empirischen Unterbau erwarb sich Cohn in der experimentellen Psychologie bei Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) und Oswald Kã ¼lpe (1862-1915) in Leipzig, wo Cohn in cave Jahren 1892 bis 94 am Psychologischen Institut arbeitete.

We Have the Right to Use Cell Phones While Driving :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

We Have the Right to Use Cell Phones While Driving Envision driving in a vehicle and not having the option to alter your radio, lower your window, or even converse with your traveler. This may sound somewhat extraordinary, yet gradually an individual's privileges are being encroached upon by the individuals who imagine that utilizing a PDA while driving ought to be unlawful. Utilizing a mobile phone while driving is the same than a mother watching out for her youngsters in the secondary lounge, an individual eating in a vehicle, or even somebody engaged in discussion with their traveler. Will these rights be removed, would common be able to detect be administered? Mobile phones originally opened up in the year 1984 and have just developed in prominence since (Stutts et al.). Today there are more than one hundred and twenty-8,000,000 clients (Pickler). As of late, phones have been at the center of attention for making drivers be diverted, bringing about various accidents. New York has become the main state to boycott the utilization of hand-held telephones when driving on open thruways. This new law became effective on December 1, 2002. Drivers may just utilize a hand held telephone in a crisis, to call for help or to report a risky circumstance. However, drivers are permitted to utilize hands free gadgets, for example, speaker telephones (New. . .). Right now, there are thirty-eight different states with charges like this one all the while (Breslau and Naughton 46). Many are vexed about these laws since information on the real number of phone related fender benders isn't finished. As indicated by a representative for Cellular Telecommunication s and Internet Association, There are not a great deal of significant discoveries (Pickler). It's too soon to tell if New York's new law is bringing down the quantity of passings brought about by mobile phones (Alonso-Zalvidar). Despite the fact that around 2,600 individuals kick the bucket every year from mobile phone related mishaps, a PDA client just has around thirteen possibilities in a million of passing on in a PDA related car crash. This is multiple times not exactly the odds of being killed by not wearing a safety belt. Different drivers and people on foot have a four of every one million possibility of being killed by a driver utilizing a mobile phone; the possibility of getting killed by an alcoholic driver is multiple times as high (Pickler). In all actuality, each and every human life is significant, however these figures show that mobile phones present just an extremely little hazard.

Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of two major brands, Essay

Look into the advertising methodologies of two significant brands, Apple and Samsung - Essay Example ke Apple to constantly think of items, for example, iPhone, iPad, Macbook and so forth, that are famous among shopper portions (Ferral and Hartline 2012, 1). The vulnerability of the outside condition gives more prominent inspiration to an organization, especially ones working in the cutting edge electronic industry, to consistently enhance and grow top notch items. Improvement of advertising system empowers assessment of a company’s qualities and thusly permits an association to benefit from its qualities in this way giving an upper hand. Apple and Samsung, both for all intents and purposes working a similar industry, utilize their advertising technique to endure the opposition in the companies’ large scale condition. Accessibility of assets is a significant part of advertising procedure for associations working in the hardware business (Viardot 2004, 196). The quick paced condition in the computerized world requires the nearness of abundant measures of assets so as to keep the innovation refreshed. For Apple, persistent advancement in innovation and the need to create famous shopper items requires a lot of both, human asset just as capital for innovative work (R&D). Such accessibility is crucial to a brand’s picture, especially ones that bargain in cutting edge merchandise and enterprises. Same is the situation with Samsung where viable showcasing procedure has permitted it to move its notoriety to an exceptional hardware brand that has developed its piece of the overall industry immensely. All parts of promoting system including evaluating, circulation, and so forth, assume a focal job in the conveyance of shopper fulfillment with the item (Chang 2011). Showcasing technique inside and out acts to furnish customers with an unrivaled client experience. Today’s gadgets industry is progressively unique and the improvement of powerful systems and showcasing plans are significant for the achievement of associations that work in the growingly serious condition. Talking about Apple

Conversion Factor Definition and Examples

Transformation Factor Definition and Examples A transformation factor is the number or recipe you have to change over an estimation in one lot of units to a similar estimation in another arrangement of units. The number is generally given as a numerical proportion or part that can be utilized as an augmentation factor. For instance, say you have a length that is estimated in feet and you wish to investigate it in meters. In the event that you realize that there are 3.048 feet in a meter, at that point you can utilize that as a change factor to figure out what a similar separation is in meters.â One foot is 12 inches in length, and the transformation factor of 1 foot to inches is 12. In yards, 1 foot is equivalent to 1/3 yard (change factor of 1 foot to yards is 1/3) so forward. A similar length is 0.3048 meters, and it is likewise 30.48 centimeters. To change over 10 feet to inches, increase multiple times 12 (the transformation factor) 120 inchesTo convert 10 feet to yards, duplicate 10 x 1/3 3.3333 yards (or 3 1/3 yards)To convert 10 feet to meters, increase 10 x .3048 3.048 metersTo convert 10 feet to centimeters, increase 10 x 30.48 304.8 centimeters Instances of Conversion Factors There a wide range of sorts of estimations that occasionally require changes: length (direct), zone (two dimensional) and volume (three dimensional) are the most well-known, yet you can likewise utilize transformation variables to change over mass, speed, thickness, and power. Transformation factors are utilized for changes inside the magnificent framework (feet, pounds, gallons), inside the International System of Units (SI, and the advanced type of the decimal standard for measuring: meters, kilograms, liters) or over the two.â Keep in mind, the two qualities must speak to a similar amount as one another. For instance, its conceivable to change over between two units of mass (e.g., grams to pounds), however you by and large cannot change over between units of mass and volume (e.g., grams to gallons). Instances of transformation factors include: 1 gallon 3.78541 liters (volume)â 1 pound 16 ounces (mass)â 1 kilogram 1,000 grams (mass)â 1 pound 453.592 grams (mass)1 minute 60000 milliseconds (time)â 1 square mile 2.58999 square kilometers (area)â Utilizing a Conversion Factor For instance, to change a period estimation from hours to days, utilize a transformation factor of 1 day 24 hours. time in days time in hours x (1 day/24 hours) The (1 day/24 hours) is the change factor. Note that following the equivalent sign, the units for a considerable length of time counterbalance, leaving just the unit for quite a long time.

CPW is for Parents tooreally!!

CPW is for Parents too…really!! For our newly admitted students, the time is rapidly approaching when we will welcome them to campus for the first time as members of the Class of 2015. Were getting ready to welcome lots of their parents too and this message is basically for those hardy souls who have spent the last many months helping their children survive the process of applying to college. But now the payoff has come, and it is time to make the tough decisions and the best way to do that, we think, is to take part in that annual tradition known as Campus Preview Weekend (CPW). Each one of us in the Admissions Office has a particular group of programs that we are involved with and mine is parent programs so Im probably the most logical choice to talk about what the weekend has in store for you if youll be able to accompany your student next weekend. But before I do that here are some thoughts on making this a worthwhile and even enjoyable weekend. The first question I often hear from parents is, what events should I attend with my child? In truth, there wont be very many of them if you are each doing what interests you the most. With about 700 options over the few days, there are lots of things to choose from and parents will probably not want answers to the same questions that students will. That said, its important to check in occasionally so Id suggest you pick an event where you can meet up with your student each day (perhaps the Presidents Welcome on Friday and the Closing Variety Show on Saturday) but mostly I hope you will encourage them “do their own thing” and know that its good for you to do the same. It’s the best way for them to figure out if they are comfortable and at home on our campus and the best way for you to be comfortable with them being here. I hope you’ll ask lots of questions. It’s the way our students learn and will work well for you too. Current students are great resources so don’t be afraid to ask them about their experiences. In addition weve enlisted the help of a great group of current students parents called Parent Connectors. Theyll be available throughout the weekend to address those issues that are most important to you, the parent, so dont be afraid to ask for their opinionsthey know exactly how you feel since they were asking those same questions just a year or so ago. A great place to find a parent to talk to would be in the Parent’s Hospitality Lounge. Grab a cup of coffee or tea and chat with current MIT parents as well as other parents of MIT prefrosh. Also, learn about the MIT Parents Association and the Parent Connector Network from current volunteers and staff. I hope you’ll be open-minded during your visit with us. I live with current students and their life at MIT is somewhat different than mine was when I was here. Im sure youll feel the same way too, its inevitable, but its just not the way we remember it. Bring comfortable shoes and a jacket or sweater. We had a bit of snow today and rain is always possible in the spring so you should be prepared for anything. Boston is a great walking city and I hope youll take some time to see the environs around MIT as well the campus itself and the best way to do that is on foot. Even just a short walk along the river can be a nice break from all the events of the day. Have questions regarding your students financial aid package or the financial aid process in general? This year there will be an open house Thursday, Friday and Saturday at Student Financial Services so you can stop in and get your questions answered. On Thursday and Friday there will be comprehensive presentations by Executive Director of Student Financial Services, Elizabeth Hicks. Parents and students are welcome to attend either of these programs on the hows, whys and whens of financial aid at MIT how your financial aid award was determined, when your supplemental forms are due, how to pay your balance, how to find on-campus student employment, and how your online student account will work and much more. But that is just the beginning Events Parent Welcome on Thursday night at 7:30 pm. Stu Schmill, Dean of Admissions, Chancellor Eric Grimson and Professor Alex Slocum will welcome the Class of 2015 parents to Campus Preview Weekend. Parent Reception with Parent Connectors and Alumni on Friday night at 5:00 pm. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association and the MIT Club of Boston, this reception is your chance to meet and mingle with Parent Connectors, Educational Counselors and other MIT Alumni. The presenter will be Danielle Whited 11 who will talk about some of the programs shes been a part of while at MIT. Insight for Parents by Parents is Saturday morning at 8:30 am. A panel of current MIT parents will be on hand to share their insights and answer your questions. Sponsored by the MIT Parents Association. There will be coffee provided, so please come and join us. Parent Connector Saturday Night Drop-In After the closing variety show join us “Under the Great Dome for an informal gathering hosted by the Chair of the MIT Parent Connectors at the Barker Engineering Library. Its one of my favorite rooms on the campus. Panels Sessions Residential Life at MIT Our on-campus residential community boasts residence halls, fraternities, sororities and independent living groups as well as a wide variety of dining services. There will be a discussion covering life in residences, residential support offerings, activities, dining options, roommate matching and more. Come learn about all aspects of Undergraduate Research Opportunities (UROP) at MIT, including how to participate, what type of research is appropriate, what to expect from the program, and more. Discussion will center on the experiences of the UROP student panel as moderated by UROP staff. There are other panels on Campus Safety and various aspects of Student Life and Learning certainly all great options for getting those important questions answered. Open Houses Multiple open houses will be held over the weekend. These include areas relating to Medical Services, Careers Development, Hillel, Global Education (study abroad and more), Pre-Professional Advising (Pre-Med and more), departments, and housing. I’ve named just a handful of the events created with you in mind for CPW and it really is just the tip of the icebergto get a head start on your plans check out our improved CPW search feature complete with mapping function: http://cpwevents.mitadmissions.org/. And if all that wasnt enough, on Sunday as CPW winds down is the MIT150 Convocation: http://mit150.mit.edu/events/convocation. Its been a pretty exciting year at MIT as we have been celebrating the 150 anniversary of MITs chartering and you get to be a part of this historic milestone as well. See you soon!

Ethics and Solution - Free Essay Example

In 10 ethical issues raised by IT capabilities, we examined ethical issues raised by IT capabilities, issues that all of us as technology professionals need to consider as we go about our duties. This time, we take a look at ethical issues more specific to managementand not necessarily just IT management. Once again, one of our themes is that advances in technology, just like advances in any other area of endeavor, can generate societal changes that should cause us to reexamine our behavior. The dynamic nature of civilization means some components of ethical codes that were perfectly appropriate in previous generations may no longer apply. Although space limits us to 10 issues, the ones we examine here are based on five main categories of particular interest to technologists: privacy, ownership, control, accuracy, and security. As in the previous article there are more questions than answers. Governments collect massive amounts of data on individuals and organizations and use it f or a variety of purposes: national security, accurate tax collection, demographics, international geopolitical strategic analysis, etc. Corporations do the same for commercial reasons; to increase business, control expense, enhance profitability, gain market share, etc. Technological advances in both hardware and software have significantly changed the scope of what can be amassed and processed. Massive quantities of data, measured in petabytes and beyond, can be centrally stored and retrieved effortlessly and quickly. Seemingly disparate sources of data can be cross-referenced to glean new meanings when one set of data is viewed within the context of another. In the 1930s and 1940s the volumes of data available were miniscule by comparison and the processing of that data was entirely manual. Had even a small portion of todays capabilities existed, the world as we now know it would probably be quite different. Should organizations ability to collect and process data on exponen tially increasing scales be limited in any way? Does the fact that information can be architected for a particular purpose mean it should be, even if by so doing individual privacy rights are potentially violated? If data meant for one use is diverted to another process which is socially redeeming and would result in a greater good or could result in a financial gain, does that mitigate the ethical dilemma, no matter how innocent and pure the motivation? This is an issue with both internal and external implications. All organizations collect personal data on employees, data that if not properly safeguarded can result in significant negative implications for individuals. Information such as compensation and background data and personal identification information, such as social security number and account identifiers, all have to be maintained and accessed by authorized personnel. Systems that track this data can be secured, but at some point data must leave those systems and b e used. Operational policies and procedures can address the proper handling of that data but if theyre not followed or enforced, theres hardly any point in having them. Organizations routinely share data with each other, merging databases containing all kinds of identifiers. Whats the extent of the responsibility we should expect from the stewards of this data? Since theres no perfect solution, wheres the tipping point beyond which efforts to ensure data can be accessed only by those who are authorized to do so can be considered reasonable and appropriate? Many people are required to sign NDAs (nondisclosure agreements) and noncompete clauses in employment contracts, legal documents that restrict their ability to share information with other future employers even to the point of disallowing them to join certain companies or continue to participate in a particular industry. What about the rest of us, who have no such legal restrictions? In the course of our work for employer A, we are privy to trade secrets, internal documents, proprietary processes and technology, and other information creating competitive advantage. We cant do a brain dump when we leave to go to work for employer B; we carry that information with us. Is it ethical to use our special knowledge gained at one employer to the benefit of another? How do you realistically restrict yourself from doing so? Information, knowledge, and skills we develop in the course of working on projects can be inextricably intertwined. Youre the project manager for an effort to reengineer your companys marketing operations system. You have access to confidential internal memoranda on key organization strategic and procedural information. To build the new system, you and your team have to go for some advanced technical training on the new technology products youll be using. The new system you build is completely revolutionary in design and execution. Although there are areas of patent law that cover many suc h situations, theres not much in the way of case law testing this just yet, and of course laws vary between countries. Clearly, youve built an asset owned by your company, but do you have a legitimate claim to any part of it? Can you take any part of this knowledge or even the design or code itself with you to another employer or for the purpose of starting your own company? Suppose you do strike out on your own and sell your system to other companies. Is the ethical dilemma mitigated by the fact that your original company isnt in the software business? Or that youve sold your product only to noncompeting companies? What if we were talking about a database instead of a system? Organizations have the right to monitor what employees do (management is measurement) and how technology systems are used. Its common practice to notify employees that when they use organizational assets such as networks or Internet access, they should have no expectation of privacy. Even without that di sclaimer, they really dont need the warning to know this monitoring is, or could be, taking place. Do organizations have an obligation to notify employees as to the extent of that monitoring? Should an organization make it clear that in addition to monitoring how long employees are using the Internet, its also watching which Web sites they visit? If the organization merely says theres no expectation of privacy when using the e-mail system, is it an ethical violation when employees later find out it was actually reading their e-mails? Many organizations have started adding a credit and background check to the standard reference check during the hiring process. Are those organizations obligated to tell us theyre doing this and what results theyve received? The justification for doing the credit check typically is that a person who cant manage his or her own finances probably cant be trusted with any fiduciary responsibility on behalf of the organization. Does this pass the smell test or is this actually an infringement of privacy? Performing these checks is a relatively recent phenomenon, brought on in part by the desire of organizations to protect themselves in the wake of the numerous corporate scandals of the past few years but also because technology has enabled this data to be gathered, processed, and accessed quickly and inexpensively. Is technology responsible for enabling unethical behavior? Business has always had a love/hate relationship with accuracy. Effective decision making is driven by accurate information, but quality control comes with a cost both in terms of dollars and productivity. (If youre checking, you cant also be doing. ) In a bygone era, there was less data to work with, and the only quality assurance that needed to be performed was on data†¦operations and procedures were manual, so it was the output of those functions that was most critical. Technology has enabled vastly more complicated and interconnected processes, s uch that a problem far upstream in a process has a ripple effect on the rest of the process. Sarbanes Oxley requires the certification of all internal controls in large part for this reason. Unfortunately, accuracy is one of those areas that always seems to be assigned to the dreaded someone, which all too often translates to no one. On what basis should the level of accuracy in any given system be determined? How much accuracy is sufficient? How should responsibility for accuracy be assigned? Most assembly lines have a cord or chain that can be pulled when a worker notices a particular unit has a flaw. The line is brought to a halt and the unit can either be removed or repaired. The effect of the error can be contained. As complex interactions between systems and ever larger databases have been created, the downstream consequence of error has become vastly more magnified. So too has the growing dependence on highly distributed systems increased the potential for, and the cost of , error. Do managers have a correspondingly greater responsibility to assess negative outcomes and the mitigations of costs and effects of errors? Can management or system owners be held accountable if unforeseen errors occur? Is this also the case for predictable but unmitigated error? As we mentioned in the previous article on ethics, security used to be confined to locking the door on the way out of the office or making sure the lock on the safe was spun to fully engage the tumblers. Technology presents us with a whole new set of security challenges. Networks can be breached, personal identification information can be compromised, identities can be stolen and potentially result in personal financial ruin, critical confidential corporate information or classified government secrets can be stolen from online systems, Web sites can be hacked, keystroke loggers can be surreptitiously installed, and a host of others. (Its interesting to note at this point that statistics still s how that more than 80 percent of stolen data is the result of low tech â€Å"dumpster diving,† and approximately the same percentage of oranizational crime is the result of an inside job. How far canand shouldmanagement go in determining the security risks inherent in systems? What level of addressing those risks can be considered reasonable? Can system owners be held personally liable when security is compromised? When an organization holds stewardship of data on external entitiescustomers, individuals, other organizationsand that data is compromised, to what extent is the victimized corporation liable to the secondary victims, those whose data was stolen? Organizations generally have internal policies for dealing with security breaches, but not many yet have specific policies to address this area. Managers who do not secure the systems for which theyre responsible, employees who cavalierly use information to which they should not have access, and system users who find sh ortcuts around established security procedures are dealt with in the same fashion as anyone who doesnt meet the fundamental job requirements, anything from transfer or demotion to termination. Should compromised or ineffective security be held to a higher standard?